डिग्रियों की कीमत

रुस के प्रशिद्ध लेखक लियो टॉलस्टाय को  एक बार अपना काम काज देखने के लिए एक आदमी की जरुरत पड़ी। इस बारे में उन्होंने अपने एक मित्र को भी बताया और कहा की यदि कोई ऐसा व्यक्ति मिले तो उसे मेरे पास भेज देना। 

कुछ दिनों बाद उनके मित्र ने एक व्यक्ति को उनके भेजा। वह काफी पढ़ा लिखा था  और उसके  पास कुछ  सर्टिफिकेट और डिग्रियां भी थी। वह व्यक्ति टॉलस्टाय से मिला लेकिन तमाम डिग्रियां होने के बावजूद टॉलस्टाय ने उसे नौकरी पर नहीं रखा , बल्कि एक अन्य व्यक्ति जिसके पास कोई डिग्री थी  उसे नौकरी के लिए चयन कर लिया ------------------------ 

मित्र ने कहा क्या "मैं इसका कारण जान सकता हूँ ?"

टॉलस्टाय ने बताया ," मित्र जिस व्यक्ति का मैंने चयन किया हैं उसके पास तो अमूल्य प्रमाणपत्र हैं , उसने कमरे में आने के पूर्व मेरी अनुमति मांगी और दरवाजे पर रखे गए पायदान पर जूते साफ़ करके कमरे में प्रवेश किया। उसके कपडे साधारण थे, लेकिन  साफ़-सुथरे थे। मैंने उससे जो भी प्रश्न किये उसका उत्तर बिना घुमाये-फिराए संछिपत उत्तर दिया, और अंत में वह मुलाकात पूरी होने के बाद मेरी आज्ञा लेकर बड़ी विनर्मता के साथ चला गया। उसने कोई खुशामद नहीं की , न ही किसी  सिफारिश लाया, उसे  काबलियत पर विश्वाश था, इतने सारे प्रमाणपत्र  बहुत कम लोगो के पास होते हैं। 

और तुमने  व्यक्ति को भेजा था उसके पास इसमें से कोई भी प्रमाणपत्र नहीं था , वह सीधे कमरे में प्रवेश कर गया और बिना मेरी आज्ञा के कुर्सी पर बैठ गया, और अपनी काबलियत की जगह तुमसे मेरी जान पहचान बताने लगा तुम्ही बताओ , उसकी इन डिग्रीयों की क्या कीमत हैं?

मित्र टॉलस्टाय की बात समझ गया वह भी असल प्रमाणपत्र  की कीमत जान चुका था। 

Computer Awareness MCQ

Q.1.The metal or plastic case that holds all the physical parts of the computer is the:
A. System Unit.
B. CPU.
C. Mainframe.
D. Platform.
Answer A.

Q.2.------------- controls the way in which the computer system functions and provides a means by which users can interact with the computer.
A. The Platform
B. The Operating System
C. Application Software
D. The Motherboard
Answer B.

Q.3.--------------is the science revolving around the use of Nano Structures to build devices on an extremely small scale.
A. Nanotechnology
B. Micro-technology
C. Computer forensics
D. Artificial intelligence
Answer A.

Q.4.Servers are computers that provide resources to other computers connected to a
A. Network.
B. Mainframe.
C. Super Computer.
D. Client.
Answer A.

Q.5.Word processing, spreadsheet, and photo-editing are examples of:
A. Application software.
B. System software.
C. Operating system software.
D. Platform software.
Answer A.

Q.6. The _______states that a foreign key must either match a primary key value in another relation or it must be null.
A. Entity integrity rule
B. Referential integrity constraint
C. Action assertion
D. Composite attribute
Answer A.

Q.7. An applet _______
A. Is an interpreted program that runs on the client
B. Tracks the number of visitors to a Website
C. Conceptual design translates the logical design into internal model
D. Logical design is software independent
Answer B.

Q.8. A ________sometimes called a boot sector virus, executes when a computer boots up because it resides in the boot sector of a floppy disk orthe master boot record of a hard disk.
A. System virus
B. Trojan horse virus
C. File virus
D. None of these
Answer D.

Q.9. Which error detection method uses one's complement arithmetic?
A. Simply parity check
B. Check sum
C. Two-dimensional parity check
D. CRC
Answer B

Q.10. A result of a computer virus can NOT lead to ________ .
A. Disk Crash
B. Mother Board Crash
C. Corruption of program
D. Deletion of files
Answer B

Q.11. Which one is not an examples of input devices :
A. Scanner.
B. Mouse.
C. Keyboard.
D. Printer.
Answer D

Q.12. A string of eight 0's Or 1's is called a:
A. Megabyte.
B. Byte.
C. Kilobyte.
D. Gigabyte.
Answer B

Q.13. After a picture has been taken with a digital camera and processed appropriately, the actual print of the picture is considered
A. Data.
B. Output
C. Input.
D. Process
Answer B

Q.14. -------- is the study of molecules & structures whose size ranges from 1 to 100 Nanometers
A. Nanoscience
B. Microelectrodes
C. Computer forensics
D. Artificial intelligence
Answer A

Q.15. The ability to recover and read deleted or damaged files from a criminal’s computer is an example of a law enforcement specialty called:
A. Robotics.
B. Simulation.
C. Computer forensics
D. Animation.
Answer C

Q.16. The network interface card of LAN is related to following layer of OSIModel
A. Transport
B. Network
C. Data Link & Physical
D. All of these
Answer D

Q.17. Which of the following does NOT describe a data warehouse?
A. Subject-oriented
B. Integrated
C. Time-variant
D. Updateable
Answer D

Q.18.Which of the following is TRUE ?
A. Logical design is software-dependent
B. In a distributed database, database is stored in one physical location
C. Conceptual design translates the logical design into internal model
D. Logical design is software independent
Answer A

Q.19. A range check ________
A. Ensures that only the correct data type is entered into a field
B. Verifies that all required data is present
C. Determines whether a number is within a specified limit
D. Tests if the data in two or more associated fields is logical
Answer C

Q.20.The total set of interlinked hypertext documents worldwide is-
A. · HTTP
B. · Browser
C. · WWW
D. · B2B
E. Answer A

List of Important Day and Date celebrated in each month in India and World.

January

• New Year's Day – 1st January

• Day of Silence - 3rd January

• NRI Day- 9th January

• Laughing Day – 10th January

• National Youth Day- 12th January

• Army day- 15th January

• National Voter's Day – 25th January

• Indian Republic Day – 26th January

• Martyr's Day- 30th January

• Street Children's Day – 31st January

February

• National Girl Day -2nd February

• World Cancer Day -4th February

• Valentine's Day –14th February

• National Science Day –28th February

Days of the VALENTINE WEEK

• Rose Day - February 7

• Propose Day - February 8

• Chocolate Day - February 9

• Bagels and Lox Day - February 9

• Pizza Pie Day - February 9

• Teddy Day - February 10

• Promise Day - February 11

• Kiss Day - February 12

• Hug Day - February 13

• Valentine's Day – February 14

March

• International Women's Day – 8th March

• No Smoking Day-13th March

• World Disable Day – 15th March

• World Consumer Rights Day – 15th March

• Saint Patrick's Day – 17th March

• World Poetry Day – 21st March

• World Water Day – 22nd March

• World TB Day – 24th March

April

• Fools' Day- 1st April

• World Health Day- 7th April

• World Parkinson's Disease Day-11th April

• World Hemophilia Day-17th April

• World Heritage Day- 18th April

• National Civil Service Day- 21st April

• Earth Day- 22nd April

• World Malaria Day- 25th April

May

• May Day-1st May

• World Press Freedom Day-3rd May

• World Red Cross Day- 8th May

• National Technology Day- 11th May

• Mother's Day- Second Sunday

• International Nursing Day-12th May

• Telecommunication Day-17th May

• International Day for Biological Diversity-22nd May

• Commonwealth Day- 24th May

• World No-Tobacco Day-31st May

June

• International Children's Day- 1st June

• World Environment Day-5th June

• World Blood Donor Day- 14th June

• Father's Day- 18th June

• World Refugee Day- 20th June

• International Yoga Day- 21st June

• World Music Day-21st June

• International Olympic Day-23rd June

• International Anti - Drugs Day, International Day against Drug Abuse and illicit trafficking-26th June

July

• Doctor's Day-1st July

• Independence Day in U.S-4th July

• World Population Day-11th July

• Kargil Vijay Divas-26th July

August

• World Breast Feeding Day- 1st August

• International Friendship Day-3rd August

• Left Hander's Day-13th August

• Indian Independence Day –15th August

• World Photography Day-19th August

• World Mosquito Day-20th August

• Sanskrit Day-24th August

• Women's Equality Day-26th August

• National Sports Day-29th August

September

• Teacher's Day-5th September

• World Literacy Day-8th September

• Hindi Day-14th September

• International Day of Democracy-15th September

• Engineers Day-15th September

• International Day of the Preservation of the Ozone Layer-16th September

• International Day of Peace-21st September

• World Alzheimer's Day-21st September

• World Tourism Day-27th September

• World Heart Day-29th September

October

• Mahatma Gandhi Birthday/International nonviolence day-2nd October

• World Animal Welfare Day –4th October

• Indian Air force Day- 8th October

• World Post Day- 9th October

• National Post Day- 10th October

• World Mental Health Day- 10th October

• International Day of the Girl Child- 11th October

• World Food Day-16th October

• United Nation's Day – 24th October

November

• Education Day (India) – 11th November

• Children's Day (India) – 14th November

• World Diabetes Day-14th November

• International Student's Day- 17th November

• Citizen’s Day- 19th November

• Universal Children’s Day- 20th November

• World Television Day- 21st November

December

• World AIDS Day – 1st December

• World Handicapped Day- 3rd December

• Navy Day- 4th December

• International Volunteer Day- 5th December

• Human Rights Day- 10th December

• Farmer’s Day (Kishan Divas) - 23rd December

• National Consumer Day – 24th December

• Christmas Eve – 24th December

• Christmas Day –25th December

• Boxing Day-26th December

Keyboard Shortcuts in Windows

[Alt] + [Esc] — Switch between running applications

[Alt] + letter — Select menu item by underlined letter

[Ctrl] + [Esc] — Open Program Menu

[Ctrl] + [F4] — Close active document or group windows (does not work with some applications)

[Alt] + [F4] — Quit active application or close current window

[Alt] + [-] — Open Control menu for active document

Ctrl] Lft. + Rt. arrow — Move cursor forward or back one word

Ctrl] Up + Down arrow — Move cursor forward or back one paragraph

[F1] — Open Help for active application

Windows + M — Minimize all open windows

Shift+Windows + M — Undo minimize all open windows

Windows + F1 — Open Windows Help

Windows + Tab — Cycle through the Taskbar buttons

Windows + Break — Open the System Properties dialog box

लेखा के स्वर्ण नियम

(Golden Rule of Accountancy in Hindi )

हर लेन - देन दो खातों को प्रभावित करता है. इसीलिए इसे दोहरी प्रविष्टि प्रणाली बहीखाता कहा जाता है. 

लेखा के स्वर्ण नियम (Golden Rule of Accountancy)

पर्सनल A/C	रियल A/C	नॉमिनल A/C
डेबिट - प्राप्तकर्ता (पाने वाले) को (Debit The Receiver)	डेबिट  - जो आता है Debit What Comes In	डेबिट - खर्च और हानि Debit  All Expenses And Losses
क्रेडिट- दाता ( देने वाले) को Credit The Giver	क्रेडिट - जो जाता है Credit What Goes Out	क्रेडिट - मुनाफा और लाभ Credit All Income And Gains

उदाहरण के लिए मान लीजिये 

अप्रैल 1 . 

शिवम 50,000  रुपये से  व्यापर प्रारंभ करता है. 

Capital A/C  - Personal A/C के अंतर्गत आता है. ( कैपिटल अकाउंट मालिक का अकाउंट होता है. )
Cash A/C - Real A/C  के अंतर्गत आता है.

पर्सनल A/C	रियल A/C	नॉमिनल A/C
डेबिट - प्राप्तकर्ता (पाने वाले) को Cash
क्रेडिट- दाता ( देने वाले) को Capital

इसलिए,

     Capital A/C - Cr.----------------------50,000
Cash A/C -   Dr.----------- 50,000

अप्रैल 2 .

10,000 रुपये बैंक में जमा करता है.

Bank A/C  - Personal A/C के अंतर्गत आता है.

Cash  A/C - Real A/C के अंतर्गत आता है.

पर्सनल A/C	रियल A/C	नॉमिनल A/C
डेबिट - प्राप्तकर्ता (पाने वाले) को Bank
क्रेडिट- दाता ( देने वाले) को Cash

Bank A/C -   Dr.----------- 10,000
       Cash A/C-  Cr.---------------------- 10,000

अप्रैल 3 .

20,000 रुपये का सामान खरीदता है.
Purchase A/C  - Real A/C के अंतर्गत आता है.
Cash  A/C - Real A/C के अंतर्गत आता है.

पर्सनल A/C	रियल A/C	नॉमिनल A/C
	डेबिट  - जो आता है Purchase
	क्रेडिट - जो जाता है Cash

इसलिए,
Purchase A/C -   Dr.----------- 20,000
       Cash A/C -                Cr------------------20,000

अप्रैल 4.

1,500 रुपये का सामान बेचता है.

Cash A/C  - Real A/C के अंतर्गत आता है.

Sales  A/C - Real A/C के अंतर्गत आता है.

पर्सनल A/C	रियल A/C	नॉमिनल A/C
	डेबिट  - जो आता है Cash
	क्रेडिट - जो जाता है Sales

इसलिए,
Cash A/C -   Dr.----------- 1,500

 Sales A/C - Cr.---------------------- 1,500

अप्रैल 4.

1,000  रुपये मकान मालिक को किराया देता है.
Cash A/C  - Real A/C के अंतर्गत आता है.

Rent  A/C - Nominal A/C के अंतर्गत आता है.

पर्सनल A/C	रियल A/C	नॉमिनल A/C
		डेबिट - खर्च और हानि Rent
	क्रेडिट - जो जाता है Cash

इसलिए,
Rent A/C -   Dr.----------- 1,000
 Cash A/C - Cr.---------------------- 1,000

मार्च  10 .

50 रुपये बैंक ब्याज मिलता है. 

Cash A/C  - Real A/C के अंतर्गत आता है.

Rent  A/C - Nominal A/C के अंतर्गत आता है.

पर्सनल A/C	रियल A/C	नॉमिनल A/C
	डेबिट  - जो आता है Cash
		क्रेडिट - मुनाफा और लाभ Interest

इसलिए,
 Cash A/C - Dr.---------------------- 50
Interest A/C -   Cr.----------- 50